Worldwide occurrence and effects of antifouling paint booster biocides in the aquatic environment: a review
Φόρτωση...
Ημερομηνία
Συγγραφείς
Konstantinou, I. K.
Albanis, T. A.
Τίτλος Εφημερίδας
Περιοδικό ISSN
Τίτλος τόμου
Εκδότης
Περίληψη
Τύπος
Είδος δημοσίευσης σε συνέδριο
Είδος περιοδικού
peer reviewed
Είδος εκπαιδευτικού υλικού
Όνομα συνεδρίου
Όνομα περιοδικού
Environment International
Όνομα βιβλίου
Σειρά βιβλίου
Έκδοση βιβλίου
Συμπληρωματικός/δευτερεύων τίτλος
Περιγραφή
Organic booster biocides were recently introduced as alternatives to organotin compounds in antifouling products, after restrictions imposed on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in 1987. Replacement products are generally based on copper metal oxides and organic biocides. This ban has led to an increase in alternative coating products containing the above biocides. The most commonly used biocides in antifouling paints are: Irgarol 1051, diuron, Sea-nine 211, dichlofluanid, chlorothalonil, zinc pyrithione, TCMS (2,3,3,6-tetrachloro-4-methylsulfonyl) pyridine, TCMTB [2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole], and zineb. Since 1993, several studies have demonstrated the presence of these biocides in European coastal environment as a result of their increased use. More recently, the presence of these biocides was also revealed in waters from Japan, United States, Singapore, Australia and Bermuda. This paper reviews the currently available data on the occurrence of these biocides in the aquatic environment. Some data dealing with the environmental fate, partitioning, behaviour and risk assessment of antifouling paint booster biocides are also reported in order to discuss the detected levels of contamination. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Περιγραφή
Λέξεις-κλειδιά
antifouling biocides, occurrence, effects, aquatic environment, compound irgarol 1051, solid-phase extraction, performance liquid-chromatography, ionization mass-spectrometry, marina water samples, coastal waters, gas-chromatography, chemical-ionization, agent irgarol-1051, seasonal distribution
Θεματική κατηγορία
Παραπομπή
Σύνδεσμος
<Go to ISI>://000220204900012
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0160412003001764/1-s2.0-S0160412003001764-main.pdf?_tid=be3975b48c9ca45e92c605e74cf938a1&acdnat=1333023177_6754ecc98e960e08de9442578fee94b8
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0160412003001764/1-s2.0-S0160412003001764-main.pdf?_tid=be3975b48c9ca45e92c605e74cf938a1&acdnat=1333023177_6754ecc98e960e08de9442578fee94b8
Γλώσσα
en
Εκδίδον τμήμα/τομέας
Όνομα επιβλέποντος
Εξεταστική επιτροπή
Γενική Περιγραφή / Σχόλια
Ίδρυμα και Σχολή/Τμήμα του υποβάλλοντος
Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων. Σχολή Θετικών Επιστημών. Τμήμα Χημείας